I want to discuss heart health behaviors using an analogy many people can relate to: imagining the heart as a car. Just as a vehicle has multiple systems that must function correctly to run smoothly, the heart has several key aspects that affect its health.
The four main pathophysiologies of heart health
- Plumbing problems (coronary artery disease): These refer to issues related to blood flow, similar to blockages in a car's fuel line. They often involve plaque building up in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow to the heart.
- Electrical problems (arrhythmias): Think of this as the car's wiring. Just as a vehicle might misfire if its electrical system is faulty, the heart can experience irregular beats due to electrical disturbances.
- Engine problems (congestive heart failure): This encompasses conditions where the heart is not pumping effectively. It can be likened to an engine running poorly due to wear and tear.
- Valve problems: This includes issues where the heart valves may narrow (stenosis) or leak (regurgitation), thus affecting blood flow through the heart.
In addition to these four main issues, rarer conditions can affect heart health, such as heart muscle inflammation and aneurysms in major blood vessels like the aorta.
Do not neglect atypical symptoms. Always keep an eye on your symptoms, including any chest pain, pressure and tightness, but also fatigue or exertional shortness of breath. This may indicate involvement of any of the above-mentioned four heart issues.
Importance of regular check-ups
A standard echocardiogram often reassures many patients, indicating that the heart muscle and valves appear healthy. However, it's crucial to remember that other essential aspects, like coronary artery disease, could still exist without immediate signs.
Key metrics to monitor
When discussing heart health with your doctor, there are several significant numbers you should be aware of:
- Blood pressure: Understanding your systolic and diastolic numbers (e.g., 120/80) is vital.
- Ejection fraction: This percentage indicates how well the heart pumps blood. For example, an ejection fraction of 60% suggests that out of 100cc of blood that fills the heart, 60cc is pumped out. A low ejection fraction can indicate weak heart function, while a normal ejection fraction with symptoms of heart failure might indicate that the heart muscle is stiff.
- Cholesterol: Control total cholesterol and bad cholesterol (LDL), with LDL ideally below 100.
- Diabetes: Discuss with your primary care provider to understand your HbA1c goal and work toward better glucose control.
Understanding electrical problems
A standard electrical issue is atrial fibrillation (A-fib), where the heart beats irregularly. If you have A-fib, it's crucial to understand these five points when consulting with your doctor:
- Is your heart rate well-controlled?
- Do you need interventions to restore normal rhythm, or is it acceptable to manage it with your current rhythm, particularly if you have no symptoms?
- Do you require a pacemaker?
- Are you on the appropriate blood thinners?
- Is an alternative to blood thinners necessary for your situation?
These considerations are essential because managing A-fib effectively can help prevent complications, including the risk of stroke.
Summary
To enhance heart health, focus on understanding these key areas and metrics. Regular consultations with your health care provider will empower you to take charge of your heart health. With the right knowledge and proactive behavior, you can minimize the risks and lead a heart-healthy life.
Learn more about Northside Hospital Heart Institute.
